- Izikhungo zamaphoyisa ezikhethekile kwezobugebengu bezomnotho kanye nobugebengu be-inthanethi zibika ukwanda okukhulu kwemikhonyovu exhunywe kuma-cryptocurrencies angekho kanye nezinkundla zokutshala izimali zomgunyathi.
- Abakhwabanisi basebenzisa amawebhusayithi ayinkimbinkimbi, amaphrofayela enkundla yezokuxhumana kanye namadeshibhodi ashintshiwe ukuze balingise inzuzo eqhubekayo futhi bacindezele izisulu ukuthi tshale imali eyengeziwe.
- Izisulu zingalahlekelwa yiyo yonke imali yazo futhi kwezinye izimo zize zithathe imali ebolekiwe ngaphansi kwengcindezi yabeluleki mbumbulu abazenza ochwepheshe.
- Iziphathimandla zinxusa izakhamuzi ukuthi zingazethembi izinzuzo eziphezulu eziqinisekisiwe, ziqinisekise izinkundla kumarejista asemthethweni futhi zingatshali izimali ngaphansi kwengcindezi noma zabelane ngedatha ebucayi.
Izikhungo zamaphoyisa ezingochwepheshe bezomnotho kanye nobugebengu be-inthanethi bahlaba umkhosi ngoku ukukhuphuka okubukhali kwemikhonyovu exhunywe kuma-cryptocurrencies angekho kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali ku-inthanethi okukhohlisayo. Emasontweni asanda kwedlula, izikhalazo ziye zanda, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezifana neMallorca nePalma, lapho izakhamizi zibika ukuthi zilahlekelwe yisamba esikhulu ngemuva kokwethemba amapulatifomu athembisa inzuzo esheshayo nemangalisayo.
Ngemuva kwezithembiso ezikhangayo nokumaketha okuhlakaniphile, abaphenyi bathola amanethiwekhi obugebengu ahlelwe kakhulu asebenzisa izinhlelo zokukhwabanisa ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Lawa maqembu akha amawebhusayithi akholisayo, akha amaphrofayili omgunyathi ezinkundleni zokuxhumana futhi asebenzise amaphaneli okutshala imali ashintshile abonisa umholo oqhubekayo, konke kunomgomo owodwa: ukwenza izisulu ziqhubeke nokufaka imali eyengeziwe kuyilapho kwenza kucishe kungenzeki ukukhipha imali.
Spike emibikweni ye-crypto mbumbulu nezinkundla zokutshala imali
Ngokusho the Iqembu Lobugebengu Bezomnotho Nezobuchwepheshe Lamaphoyisa Kazwelonke, kube nokugqama okucacile kwezikhalazo mayelana amapulatifomu anikeza ukutshalwa kwezimali okucatshangwayo kuma-cryptocurrencies okuthi, empeleni, abekho. Eziningi zalezi zinkundla zisebenza kuphela ku-inthanethi, ngaphandle kokuba khona ngokomzimba, futhi zicasha ngezizinda zakwamanye amazwe noma izinombolo zocingo zamazwe ngamazwe ukuze kuvinjwe noma yimuphi umzamo wokulandelela.
Izisulu zivame ukuhlangana nalezi zinhlinzeko izikhangiso eziku-inthanethi, imikhankaso yenkundla yezokuxhumana noma ngisho nezingcingo ezingacelwanga. Umlayezo uvame ukufana: ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala okuphansi, izinzuzo eziphezulu eziqinisekisiwe, cishe akukho bungozi kanye nenzuzo esheshayo. Uma umuntu ebonisa intshisekelo, ithimba lalabo ababizwa ngokuthi abeluleki liyathatha izintambo, libaqondise isinyathelo ngesinyathelo ngokudala i-akhawunti kanye nokudluliswa kwemali kokuqala.
Amaphoyisa akugcizelela lokho izinga lobunkimbinkimbi lale mikhonyovu likhule kakhulu. Amakhasi ewebhu avame ukulingisa ukubukeka nomuzwa wezikhungo zezezimali ezilawulwayo, okuhlanganisa amadeshibhodi abonisa amagrafu, ukukhuphuka kwebhalansi kanye nokusebenza okufanele ngesikhathi sangempela. Eqinisweni, lezi zinombolo ziyizifaniso eziklanyelwe ukukholisa isisulu ukuthi konke kuhamba kahle futhi zikhuthaze ukuthi zijove imali eyengeziwe.
Njengoba inqubo iqhubeka, abakhwabanisi bandisa ingcindezi engokwengqondo. Bashayela isisulu ucingo noma babhalele njalo, baphikelele ngokuthi “ithuba eliyingqayizivele” selizophela, noma baxwayise ngokuthi uma bengatshali imali eningi, bazolahlekelwa izinzuzo zesikhathi esizayo ezicatshangelwayo. Lokhu kugcizelela okungapheli kuhloselwe ukuvimbela abantu ukuthi bayeke ukucabanga, bahlole ngokuzimela noma bacele iseluleko sochwepheshe.
Basebenza kanjani abakhwabanisi nokuthi kungani ukulahlekelwa kukhulu kangaka
Abaphenyi bachaza iphethini ephindaphindayo: isisulu siqala ngokuthi a idiphozithi encane yokuqala ebonakala yenza izinzuzo ezinhle kakhulu ngokusho kwenkundla mbumbulu. Ngemva kwesikhashana, i-akhawunti ibonakala iphindaphinde inani layo, okwandisa ukuzethemba futhi kuholele umuntu ukuthi afake imali eyengeziwe, ngezinye izikhathi amanani amakhulu kakhulu.
Uma abakhwabanisi bezwa ukuthi isisulu sizinikele ngokugcwele, babeka izithiyo kunoma yimuphi umzamo wokukhipha imali. Bangase bathi imibandela ethile ayizange ifinyelelwe, izintela noma izimali ezengeziwe kufanele zikhokhelwe kuqala, noma bathi ibhalansi encane kufanele igcinwe ukuze kugcinwe ukutshalwa kwezimali kusebenza. Kwezinye izimo, lapho isisulu siphikelela ekuhoxiseni yonke into, inkundla ivele iyeke ukuphendula noma ivimbe ukufinyelela.
Amaphoyisa Kazwelonke axwayisa ngokuthi umonakalo wezomnotho ungaba umonakalo omkhulu. Kunezimo lapho izisulu zilahlekelwa yiyo yonke imali ebeziyiqongelele eminyakeni edlule, ziqiniseka ukuthi zenza umnyakazo okhaliphile wezezimali. Ukuphelelwa yithemba lokuthola inzuzo okucatshangwa ukuthi kuholela ekutheni abanye abantu baqhubekele phambili futhi faka isicelo semalimboleko yomuntu siqu noma imigqa yezikweletu ukuze uqhubeke nokutshala imali, okungabashiyi nje bengenamali ababeyilondolozile kodwa futhi benezikweleti ezinkulu.
Izigebengu zivame ukucasha ngemuva ubunikazi bamanga, izinkampani zamagobolondo noma imininingwane eyebiwe kubantu besithathu abangaqaphile. Basebenzisa izinombolo zocingo zamazwe ngamazwe, ama-switchboards abonakalayo kanye namaseva atholakala ezindaweni ezahlukene, okwenza ukuwalandela nokubuyisela imali kube nzima kakhulu. Kumuntu ohlukunyeziwe, uma izimali sezidlulisiwe, amathuba okuzibuyisela aphansi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma imali isivele idlulile kuma-akhawunti amaningana noma izikhwama ze-crypto.
Iziphathimandla zigcizelela ukuthi lawa manethiwekhi awathuthukisiwe: anjalo izinhlangano ezakhiwe kahle ezihlela yonke imininingwane yomkhonyovu, kusukela emikhankasweni yokukhangisa kuya ekubhalweni kwezingcingo, ukuqeqeshwa kwabeluleki mbumbulu nokugcinwa kobuchwepheshe bezinkundla zomgunyathi. Leli zinga lokulungiselela lichaza ukuthi kungani izisulu eziningi zingasoli lutho kuze kube yilapho zizama ukukhipha izimali zazo noma kuze kube yilapho ukuxhumana nesiteji kuma ngokuzumayo.
Amafulegi abomvu namaqhinga ajwayelekile asetshenziswa abakhwabanisi
Olunye lwezimpawu ezicacile eziyisixwayiso, amaphoyisa athi, isethembiso sa ukubuyiselwa okuqinisekisiwe noma okuphezulu ngokweqile ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu. Noma yikuphi ukunikezwa okukhuluma ngamaphesenti angaguquki, aphezulu kanye nobungozi obuncane noma obungekho kufanele kuthathwe ngokuqapha okukhulu, ikakhulukazi ezimakethe eziguquguqukayo ezifana ne-cryptocurrencies, lapho ngisho nokutshalwa kwezimali okusemthethweni kungashintshashintsha kakhulu.
Elinye iqhinga elivamile ukusetshenziswa kwe amasu okuthengisa anolaka kanye nokuphuthuma kokwenziwa. Abakhwabanisi bavame ukudala umuzwa wengcindezi yesikhathi, bethi ukukhushulwa okukhethekile sekuzophelelwa yisikhathi, ukuthi kusele izindawo ezimbalwa, noma ukuthi imakethe izoshintsha maduzane futhi ithuba lizonyamalala. Lokhu kuxhamazela okwenziwe kuhloswe ukumisa isisulu ekucwaningeni ngomoya ophansi inkampani noma sibuze abantu besithathu ukuze bathole iseluleko.
Amaphoyisa aphinde agqamise ukusetshenziswa kwe ubufakazi obungamanga, izindaba zempumelelo eziqanjiwe kanye namaphrofayili enkundla yezokuxhumana abonakala enethonya noma enochwepheshe. Lawa maphrofayili angase abonise abantu abazethula njengochwepheshe bezezimali, abathengisi abanolwazi lweminyaka eminingi noma amaklayenti angaphambili okuthiwa azimele ngokwezimali ngenxa yenkundla. Ezimweni eziningi, izithombe namagama ayantshontshwa noma akhiqizwe, futhi akukho ukuxhumana kwangempela phakathi kwalabo bantu kanye nesevisi yokutshala imali ethuthukiswayo.
Ekusetheni okunemininingwane eminingi, abakhwabanisi bayahlinzeka ukufinyelela kudeshibhodi eku-inthanethi evumela isisulu ukuthi singene futhi sihlole "imali etshaliwe". Uma uthi nhlá, isixhumi esibonakalayo singabukeka siqiniseka kakhulu, ngamashadi amanani, amaphothifoliyo, imilando yokwenziwayo kanye nokubalwa kwenzuzo. Nokho, izinombolo ezibonisiwe azibonisi ukusebenza kwangempela emakethe; zimane ziyidatha ekhiqizwe ukwenza kubonakale sengathi isu liyasebenza nokuthi ibhalansi ye-akhawunti ikhula kancane kancane.
Elinye ifulegi elibomvu ukuphikelela ukuxhumana cishe ngokukhethekile ngezinhlelo zokusebenza zemiyalezo, ama-imeyili noma izingcingo ezivela kuzinombolo zakwamanye amazwe. Nakuba kuvamile ukuthi abathengisi abasemthethweni basebenzise amathuluzi aku-inthanethi, ukuntula obala okuphelele mayelana nekheli lenkampani, isimo sokulawula noma ithimba labaphathi kuwuphawu oluqinile lokuthi kukhona okungalungile. Uma inkundla yenqaba ukunikeza ulwazi olungaqinisekiswa noma igwema imibuzo eqondile, kuphephe kakhudlwana ukuhamba.
Ukuhlola okusemthethweni: ungaqinisekisa kanjani uma inkundla igunyaziwe
Amaphoyisa Kazwelonke agcizelela ukuthi ngaphambi kokuthumela noma iyiphi imali, kubalulekile ukuhlola ukuthi inkampani noma inkundla ibhalisiwe nabalawuli abasemthethweni. E-Spain, inkomba eyinhloko yi- Ikhomishini Yezokuphepha Kazwelonke (CNMV), egcina amarekhodi ezinhlangano ezigunyaziwe kanye nohlu olusesidlangalaleni lwalokho okuthiwa “amakamelo obhayela wezezimali” asebenza ngaphandle kwemvume.
Ngezinsizakalo ezixhumene nezinkokhelo noma umsebenzi wasebhange, izakhamizi zingaphendukela ku Ibhange laseSpain, egcina amarejista ezikhungo ezivunyelwe ukusebenza endaweni kazwelonke. Uma igama lenkundla noma umlamuli lingaveli kulawa marekhodi, noma livela ngokuqondile ohlwini lwezixwayiso, inketho ephephe kunazo zonke ukuthi ungatshali imali futhi ungabelani nganoma yiluphi ulwazi lomuntu siqu.
Ezingeni laseYurophu, i- I-European Securities and Markets Authority (i-ESMA) ihlanganisa izexwayiso ezikhishwe abalawuli kuyo yonke i-EU. Lokhu kusho ukuthi inkundla emakiwe ezweni eliyilungu elilodwa nayo ingabonwa ngabatshalizimali kwamanye. Ukuhlola izexwayiso ze-ESMA kungasiza ekutholeni imikhonyovu yamazwe ngamazwe esebenza ngesikhathi esisodwa emazweni amaningana ngaphansi kwamagama ebhrendi ahlukene.
Enye inkomba eyaziwa kabanzi yi- I-Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) yase-United Kingdom, kubhekwa njengomunye wabalawuli abaqine kakhulu ngokwemibandela yezinsizakalo zezezimali. Irejista yayo yomphakathi ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi baqinisekise ukuthi inkampani igunyaziwe yini, futhi ihlanganisa nohlu lwezinkampani ezingagunyaziwe ezizame ukukhomba abathengi base-UK. Ngisho nakubatshalizimali abazinze ngaphandle kwase-UK, isizindalwazi se-FCA singasebenza njengesihlungi esengeziwe lapho sihlola ukwethembeka kwenkundla.
Iziphathimandla ziyakweluleka lokho uma inkampani ingekho kulawa marejista asemthethweni, noma ivela kunoma yiluphi uhlu lwezixwayiso, kungcono ukunqamula othintana naye ngokushesha.. Akufanele kudluliswe imali ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimo, noma amadokhumenti afana namakhophi kamazisi, izitatimende zasebhange noma imininingwane yekhadi lesikweletu. Ukwabelana ngalolu lwazi nenhlangano engalawulwayo akuvuli nje kuphela ithuba lokulahlekelwa ngokwezimali kodwa nasekuntshontsheni imininingwane kanye nokukhwabanisa okwengeziwe.
Izincomo ezisebenzayo ezivela emaphoyiseni nabalawuli
Umhlahlandlela okhishwe Amaphoyisa Kazwelonke kanye nabalawuli bezezimali ungafingqwa ngezinyathelo ezimbalwa ezisebenzayo okufanele wonke umuntu ongaba umtshali-zimali azikhumbule. Okokuqala, ungathembi noma yikuphi ukunikezwa okuzwakala kukuhle kakhulu ukuba kube yiqiniso. Emhlabeni wokutshalwa kwezimali, ikakhulukazi emikhiqizweni eyinkimbinkimbi efana ne-cryptocurrencies, azikho izimbuyiselo eziqinisekisiwe futhi akekho ongathembisa ngokweqiniso amaphesenti aphezulu njalo ngaphandle kobungozi.
Okwesibili, zinike isikhathi sokucwaninga inkampani ngokuzimela. Lokhu kusho ukuthi unganciki kuphela olwazini olunikezwe inkundla ngokwayo noma umeluleki ocabanga ukuthi oxhumana nawe. Kutuswa ukuthi useshe igama lenkampani, uhlole ukuthi zikhona yini izexwayiso ezisemthethweni, ufunde izibuyekezo ezizimele futhi uthintane namarejista eziphathimandla ezifana ne-CNMV, Banco de España, ESMA noma i-FCA.
Okwesithathu, gwema ukuthatha izinqumo ngaphansi kwengcindezi noma ukuphuthuma. Uma othile egcizelela ukuthi ukutshalwa kwezimali kufanele kwenziwe ngokushesha, lelo thuba lizoshabalala ngemva kwamahora ambalwa, noma ukuthi akufanele uthintane nanoma ubani omunye, lokho ngokuvamile kuwuphawu lomkhonyovu. Izikhungo zezimali ezisemthethweni zivumela amakhasimende ukuthi acabange kahle, afunde izinkontileka ngokucophelela futhi, uma kunesidingo, afune izeluleko ezizimele.
Okwesine, qaphela kakhulu lapho ukwabelana ngolwazi lomuntu siqu noma lwasebhange. Amadokhumenti anjengamakhophi e-ID, izinombolo zentela, imininingwane ye-akhawunti yasebhange noma idatha yekhadi lesikweletu kufanele anikezwe kuphela izinhlangano okuqinisekiswe ukufaneleka kwazo nangeziteshi ezivikelekile. Ezandleni ezingalungile, lolu lwazi lungasetshenziselwa ukweba umazisi, ukukhokhiswa okungagunyaziwe noma ukuqhubeka nokubamba isisulu.
Okokugcina, iziphathimandla zitusa ukuthi noma ubani osola ukuthi ubhekene nesithembiso somgunyathi yeka ukuxhumana nenkundla futhi uxhumane nabezomthetho noma umeluleki othembekile wezezimali. Ukubika kusenesikhathi akukhulisi nje kuphela amathuba okukhawulela umonakalo kulowo muntu, kodwa kungasiza futhi ukuvimbela abantu abaningi ukuthi bawele ogibeni olufanayo ngokuvumela iziphathimandla ukuthi zithole amaphethini futhi zikhiphe izexwayiso zomphakathi.
Zonke lezi zixwayiso nemihlahlandlela yabelana ngochungechunge olufanayo: abatshalizimali kudingeka bahlale beqaphile futhi begxeka lapho besebenzelana neminikelo ye-inthanethi, ikakhulukazi esikhaleni se-crypto. Inhlanganisela yokumaketha okukhangayo, izithembiso zokwenza imali elula kanye nobunkimbinkimbi obubonakalayo bezobuchwepheshe kungase kubangele, kodwa izingozi zingokoqobo futhi, njengoba izimo zamuva zibonisa, imiphumela ingaba yingozi ngokwezimali nangokomzwelo.
